Quantification and prediction of human fetal brain (-)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure, combined with fetal brain transcriptomic and proteomic studies, to inform THC fetal neurodevelopmental toxicity
Includes a Live Web Event on 01/28/2026 at 11:00 AM (EST)
-
Register
- Non-member - $49
- Member - Free!
- Student - Free!
- Premier - Free!
Prenatal cannabis use is associated with neurodevelopmental deficits, likely due to exposure to the psychoactive cannabinoid, (-)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and its active metabolite, (±)-11-OH-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC). Unfortunately, these studies, which are retrospective analyses of neurodevelopment of the offsprings, are clouded by confounding factors. Since randomized controlled studies of the effects of prenatal cannabis use are unethical, to determine causality, preclinical studies mimicking human fetal cannabinoid exposure must be conducted. To do so, we must quantify or predict the pharmacologically relevant fetal cannabinoid concentrations in not only the fetal circulation but also in the fetal brain. Women in their 1st (T1), 2nd (T2) or 3rd (T3) trimester who consumed or did not consume cannabis prior to pregnancy termination or term delivery were enrolled in the study. Cannabinoid concentrations were quantified across gestation in maternal plasma (MP) and paired fetal tissues in T1 and T2 as well as MP and fetal umbilical venous plasma (UVP) in T3. Since these observations provide cannabinoid exposure at only a given time point, we also developed a maternal-fetal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (m-f-PBPK) mode to predict the time-dependent fetal THC/11-OH-THC exposure after chronic inhalation or oral THC consumption at various gestational ages.1,2,3,4 To populate the m-f-PBPK model, we first determined all the potential mechanisms of clearance and distribution that can affect THC/11-OH-THC fetal exposure, i.e. maternal exposure5,6, placental transfer7 and metabolism as well as fetal liver metabolism5. The model successfully predicted the observed UVP/MP and fetal brain/MP ratio within the predefined success criteria. The model was then used to predict the steady-state total and unbound fetal circulation and tissue (including the brain) THC/11-OH-THC exposure for varying doses of prenatal cannabis consumption. Furthermore, using RNA-sequencing and proteomics, we found that prenatal cannabis use dysregulated gene products in the fetal brains that are associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. These data support the hypothesis that prenatal cannabis use can result in neurodevelopment deficits. Using fetal THC exposure predicted by our m-f-PBPK model, this hypothesis can now be tested by appropriate preclinical studies to inform fetal risks associated with cannabis doses consumed by pregnant people.
Xin Chen, PhD
Postdoctoral Research Fellow
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Xin Chen, Ph.D., is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB). He earned his Bachelor’s degree in Basic Pharmacy from China Pharmaceutical University (CPU) in 2019 and his Ph.D. in Pharmaceutics from the University of Washington (UW) in 2025. Dr. Chen’s research focuses on pregnancy pharmacology, drug transporters, cannabinoids, and quantitative modeling and simulation. He has authored nine peer-reviewed publications, including five as first author, and has received several fellowships and awards during his graduate training.
Aditya Kumar, PhD
Principal Scientist
Genentech
Aditya (Adi) R. Kumar, Ph.D., is a Principal Scientist at Genentech. He earned his B.S. in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology from the University of Washington in 2017 and his Ph.D. in Pharmaceutics from the University of Washington in 2023, under the mentorship of Dr. Jashvant Unadkat. His research expertise lies in DMPK, specifically in leading IND-enabling strategies and translational modeling to inform drug discovery and development. His work focuses on uncovering mechanistic drivers of pharmacokinetic processes, including the use of PBPK modeling to predict human efficacious doses and assess clinical liabilities. He has also conducted extensive research into pregnancy pharmacokinetics, cannabinoid disposition, and tumor microenvironment modeling. He has authored nine publications in journals such as Nature Communications and Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.
Jashvant Unadkat (Moderator)
Professor
University of Washington, Seattle
Jashvant (Jash) Unadkat, Ph.D. is a Professor in the Dept. of Pharmaceutics at the School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle. He received his Bachelor’s degree in Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) from the University of London (1977), his Ph.D. from the University of Manchester and his postdoctoral training at the University of California at San Francisco. He held the Milo Gibaldi Endowed Professorship in the Department from 2016-21. Dr. Unadkat’s research interests are on mechanisms of transport and metabolism of drugs during pregnancy, and transport of drugs across the placental, hepatic, intestinal and blood-brain barrier. Dr. Unadkat has published more than 250 peer-reviewed research papers. He is a fellow of AAAS, AAPS, JSSX, and the founding co-chair (1999-2001) of the focus group of AAPS on Drug Transport and Uptake. Dr. Unadkat received the AAPS Research Achievement Award in 2012 and the ISSX Scientific Achievement Award in 2023. Dr. Unadkat created and led the UW Research Affiliates Program on Transporters (UWRAPT), a cooperative effort between the UW School of Pharmacy and pharmaceutical companies, for 10 years. He also leads UWPKDAP, a NIDA funded Program Project grant (P01) on drug disposition during pregnancy and co-leads UW Transporter Elucidation Center (https://depts.washington.edu/uwtec/) funded by NICHD to identify and characterize novel transporters in the placenta and the developing intestine. Dr. Unadkat has been an Associate Editor for the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, an Editor of AAPS Journal, and a member of the NIH Pharmacology study section (2000-3). Dr. Unadkat has organized or co-organized numerous national and international conferences on the role of transporters and pregnancy in the disposition of drugs.